Retirement Planning in the UK

Plan your retirement on UK rules, from the State Pension to your ISA

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Set your plan to the United Kingdom and Ready Aim Retire plans with the rules you actually live under: your workplace pension and SIPP, your ISAs and General Investment Accounts, the State Pension, income tax and National Insurance, and a tax year that starts in April.

It shows how each pound you draw is taxed, month by month, to the end of your plan. And we tell you plainly which UK rules it includes, and which it leaves out.

Income Sources for one year of a UK plan: Pension/SIPP withdrawals £76,995, 75% taxable with 25% tax-free; ISA withdrawals £22,803, tax-free; GIA withdrawals £21,632, taxed as capital gains; State Pension £17,201 and rental income £9,995, both fully taxable; total cash income £148,627

The year Chris turns 67, in Tax Details. Chris and Jamie are a made-up couple we use in our examples.

Getting Started

Set your plan to the United Kingdom

Every new plan starts in the United States. Open Location in your profile and choose United Kingdom, and the planner switches to UK tax rules, the State Pension and UK account types. Nothing changes until you confirm.

What the switch does:

  • Gives your accounts their closest UK type, such as Workplace Pension, SIPP, Stocks & Shares ISA or General Investment Account
  • Turns on the State Pension in place of Social Security, and hides the boxes that only apply in the US
  • Moves starting values you haven't changed to UK ones, such as 2.5% inflation and a retirement age of 66
  • Lets you choose your UK region: England (rest of UK rates), which Wales and Northern Ireland share, or Scotland, with the Scottish Rate of Income Tax

One thing to know: the switch keeps every number as it is, so $650,000 becomes £650,000. Enter your balances, spending and income in pounds.

The Switch to United Kingdom? dialog: switching changes the tax rules, the government benefits and the account types, and nothing changes until you confirm. Six accounts are relabeled: a traditional IRA to SIPP, two Roth IRAs to Stocks & Shares ISA, a brokerage account to General Investment Account, an HSA to Cash ISA and a 401(k) to Workplace Pension

Chris and Jamie's accounts on the way to the UK.

Add Investment Account with three groups: Pension Accounts (Workplace Pension, SIPP, SSAS), ISA Accounts (Cash ISA, Stocks & Shares ISA, Lifetime ISA) and General Accounts (General Investment Account, Joint GIA, a taxable crypto wallet and more)

The account types in a UK plan.

Pensions, ISAs and GIAs

Your accounts, taxed the UK way

A UK plan offers the accounts you actually hold. Here is how each kind is taxed when you draw from it:

  • Pensions (Workplace Pension, SIPP, SSAS): 25% of each withdrawal is tax-free and 75% is taxed as income, until your tax-free total reaches the £268,275 Lump Sum Allowance
  • ISAs (Cash, Stocks & Shares and Lifetime ISA): tax-free
  • General Investment Accounts: only the gain is taxed, as a capital gain
  • Interest on cash: taxed as savings income, with the starting rate for savings and the Personal Savings Allowance

Saving follows the rules too. Your plan applies the £60,000 pension annual allowance and the £20,000 ISA allowance, with up to £4,000 of it in a Lifetime ISA and its 25% bonus. Money over an allowance isn't lost: pension money lands in cash, and ISA money goes to your General Investment Account.

More on saving for retirement

The State Pension

Your State Pension forecast, built into the plan

Enter the amount from your State Pension forecast on gov.uk, for you and, in a couple's plan, your spouse. There is no National Insurance record to fill in.

  • It starts no earlier than your State Pension age, which the planner works out from your birth date
  • Each year you put it off adds about 5.8%, and the box shows your deferral bonus
  • It rises each April by the triple lock: the highest of inflation, earnings growth and 2.5%
  • A forecast is in today's money, so you can grow it with inflation until it starts
  • It is taxed as income

A pension that pays you an income, from an employer or a final salary or career average scheme, has its own box, and is taxed as income too.

How government pensions are planned

The State Pension box: Starting Age 69, a note to enter your expected UK State Pension with a link to check your forecast at gov.uk, Yearly Amount £12,548, Monthly Amount £1,046, and a ticked option to grow the amount with inflation before it starts

£12,548 a year is the starting example. Replace it with your own forecast.

Income tax and National Insurance

Your tax uses the 2026/27 bands and rates:

  • Income tax: the £12,570 Personal Allowance, then 20%, 40% and 45%, with the allowance tapered above £100,000
  • Scotland: the Scottish rates and bands, from 19% to 48%
  • National Insurance: Class 1 on pay, or Class 4 on self-employed income, until State Pension age. Pensions and rent pay none
  • Capital gains: 18% and 24% above the £3,000 yearly exemption

A couple is taxed as two people, each with your own allowance, bands and exemption.

Built on the April tax year

The UK tax year starts on 6 April. Your plan works in whole months, so its tax year runs from April to March. Each April:

  • Your pension, ISA and Lifetime ISA allowances start again
  • The State Pension rises
  • The year's bracket filling is planned

At the end of each year, the plan works out the tax on the year's actual income and settles the difference. Your Taxes can show every figure by tax year, labeled 2030/31 and so on.

Inheritance tax, estimated

With Planner+, the Estate tab adds a UK Inheritance Tax panel. It prices the last death with:

  • The £325,000 nil-rate band, plus the residence nil-rate band of up to £175,000 when your home goes to your children or grandchildren
  • Both people's bands in a couple's plan, up to £1,000,000, assuming the first death leaves everything to the survivor
  • Gifts in the last 7 years, which use up the nil-rate band first
  • 40% tax, or 36% when at least 10% of the estate goes to charity

From the 2027/28 tax year, your pensions count in the estate too.

The Optimizer

A better way to draw your pension

In place of Roth conversions, which are a US idea, the Optimizer tests every withdrawal order with extra pension withdrawals in low-income years. They fill the 20% basic-rate band, or go on toward the higher-rate band, and stop at the £100,000 point where your Personal Allowance starts to fall. In a couple's plan, it fills each person's band separately.

The whole plan follows the pension rules:

  • No pension is drawn before the minimum pension age: 55, and 57 from April 2028
  • There are no required minimum withdrawals
  • Your first pension withdrawal caps what can go into your pensions at £10,000 a year

Good to know

What a UK plan leaves out

Social Security, Medicare, marketplace health insurance and Roth conversions are US features, so a UK plan doesn't show them. A few UK rules aren't modeled yet:

  • Your National Insurance record, and any survivor State Pension
  • Tax on interest and dividends inside a General Investment Account
  • Salary sacrifice, Marriage Allowance and carrying forward unused pension allowance
  • NHS and private health costs: add them to your spending
  • A fixed order for accounts of the same kind, and growth set per account
  • UK market history: Chance of Success replays US market history and inflation

A few screens still show a $ sign. The amounts are your plan's pounds.

Preview Free to get started

  • Setting your plan to the UK, and choosing your UK region
  • The State Pension for you and your spouse, with your own amounts
  • Defined Benefit Pension 1 and 2
  • The Optimizer and bracket filling
  • Typing each account's yearly amount on the Contribution Planner

Planner+ Planner+ adds

  • Your own amounts in Pension 1 and Pension 2
  • Adding your own accounts
  • The Estate tab, with its UK Inheritance Tax panel
  • Tax Details, Your Taxes below its top figures, and the Dashboard charts other than the portfolio
Want every detail? Read the full guide, Planning in the UK, in our help center. Read the guide

A projection, not a promise

A UK plan uses the tax rules and allowances described above, and simplifies UK pension tax for planning. Tax law, returns and your own life will differ, so check your State Pension forecast on gov.uk and keep your plan up to date. Ready Aim Retire is an educational tool, not tax, pension or investment advice.

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